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- pgmcrater(1) AMIGA (15 October 1991) pgmcrater(1)
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- NAME
- pgmcrater - create cratered terrain by fractal forgery
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- SYNOPSIS
- pgmcrater [-number n] [-height|-ysize s] [-width|-xsize s]
- [-gamma g]
-
- DESCRIPTION
- pgmcrater creates a portable graymap which mimics cratered
- terrain. The graymap is created by simulating the impact of
- a given number of craters with random position and size,
- then rendering the resulting terrain elevations based on a
- light source shining from one side of the screen. The size
- distribution of the craters is based on a power law which
- results in many more small craters than large ones. The
- number of craters of a given size varies as the reciprocal
- of the area as described on pages 31 and 32 of Peitgen and
- Saupe[1]; cratered bodies in the Solar System are observed
- to obey this relationship. The formula used to obtain
- crater radii governed by this law from a uniformly
- distributed pseudorandom sequence was developed by Rudy
- Rucker.
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- High resolution images with large numbers of craters often
- benefit from being piped through pnmsmooth. The averaging
- performed by this process eliminates some of the jagged
- pixels and lends a mellow ``telescopic image'' feel to the
- overall picture.
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- OPTIONS
- -number n Causes n craters to be generated. If no -number
- specification is given, 50000 craters will be
- generated. Don't expect to see them all! For
- every large crater there are many, many more tiny
- ones which tend simply to erode the landscape. In
- general, the more craters you specify the more
- realistic the result; ideally you want the entire
- terrain to have been extensively turned over again
- and again by cratering. High resolution images
- containing five to ten million craters are
- stunning but take quite a while to create.
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- -height height
- Sets the height of the generated image to height
- pixels. The default height is 256 pixels.
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- -width width
- Sets the width of the generated image to width
- pixels. The default width is 256 pixels.
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- -xsize width
- Sets the width of the generated image to width
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- Page 1 (printed 12/9/93)
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- pgmcrater(1) AMIGA (15 October 1991) pgmcrater(1)
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- pixels. The default width is 256 pixels.
-
- -ysize height
- Sets the height of the generated image to height
- pixels. The default height is 256 pixels.
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- -gamma factor
- The specified factor is used to gamma correct the
- graymap in the same manner as performed by
- pnmgamma. The default value is 1.0, which results
- in a medium contrast image. Values larger than 1
- lighten the image and reduce contrast, while
- values less than 1 darken the image, increasing
- contrast.
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- All flags can be abbreviated to their shortest unique
- prefix.
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- BUGS
- The -gamma option isn't really necessary since you can
- achieve the same effect by piping the output from pgmcrater
- through pnmgamma. However, pgmcrater performs an internal
- gamma map anyway in the process of rendering the elevation
- array into a graymap, so there's no additional overhead in
- allowing a user-specified gamma.
-
- Real craters have two distinct morphologies. pgmcrater
- simulates only small craters, which are hemispherical in
- shape (regardless of the incidence angle of the impacting
- body, as long as the velocity is sufficiently high). Large
- craters, such as Copernicus and Tycho on the Moon, have a
- ``walled plain'' shape with a cross-section more like:
- /\ /\
- _____/ \____________/\____________/ \_____
- Larger craters should really use this profile, including the
- central peak, and totally obliterate the pre-existing
- terrain.
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- SEE ALSO
- pgm(5), pnmgamma(1), pnmsmooth(1)
-
- [1] Peitgen, H.-O., and Saupe, D. eds., The Science Of
- Fractal Images, New York: Springer Verlag, 1988.
-
- AUTHOR
- John Walker
- Autodesk SA
- Avenue des Champs-Montants 14b
- CH-2074 MARIN
- Suisse/Schweiz/Svizzera/Svizra/Switzerland
- Usenet: kelvin@Autodesk.com
- Fax: 038/33 88 15
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- Page 2 (printed 12/9/93)
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- pgmcrater(1) AMIGA (15 October 1991) pgmcrater(1)
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- Voice: 038/33 76 33
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- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
- software and its documentation for any purpose and without
- fee is hereby granted, without any conditions or
- restrictions. This software is provided ``as is'' without
- express or implied warranty.
-
- PLUGWARE! If you like this kind of stuff, you may also enjoy
- ``James Gleick's Chaos--The Software'' for MS-DOS, available
- for $59.95 from your local software store or directly from
- Autodesk, Inc., Attn: Science Series, 2320 Marinship Way,
- Sausalito, CA 94965, USA. Telephone: (800) 688-2344 toll-
- free or, outside the U.S. (415) 332-2344 Ext 4886. Fax:
- (415) 289-4718. ``Chaos--The Software'' includes a more
- comprehensive fractal forgery generator which creates
- three-dimensional landscapes as well as clouds and planets,
- plus five more modules which explore other aspects of Chaos.
- The user guide of more than 200 pages includes an
- introduction by James Gleick and detailed explanations by
- Rudy Rucker of the mathematics and algorithms used by each
- program.
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- Page 3 (printed 12/9/93)
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